illegal search and seizure

November 18, 2022

When Police Show Up at Your Door

Let’s say you are home glued to the television when you are startled by a knock on the door. You are not expecting company and are stunned when you look through the peephole and see a couple of police officers outside your door. What in the world are they doing there? You are about to find out.

Knock and Talk

So, you open the door, and the very friendly officers ask if they can come in to ask you a few questions. This is a rudimentary investigative technique police legally use to get their foot in the door with you—literally. Since you have not done anything wrong, you reason that there is no reason to deny them a little chat. The truth, though, is that although you can talk if you really want to, there are a slew of reasons that you should never, ever allow police to enter or search your home or property without a warrant. They could use that chat time to informally eye your place and try to find something they can use against you later. It does not matter how innocent you are. Don’t do it.

Fourth Amendment Rights

Assuming they do not have a warrant, the police cannot conduct a search without your consent. Do not consent: Even if they say it will be better for you if you cooperate, even if they indicate they will just go get a warrant anyway, even if they imply that you could be arrested if you do not cooperate. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution is clear: You are protected from unreasonable searches. That means that no warrant and no consent equals no search.

It is Just a Friendly Chat, Right?

Now you understand that under no circumstances will you consent to a search, but what is wrong with answering a few questions? Absolutely nothing. But do not invite them into the house. Instead, step out onto the porch to talk. Why? Because there is every possibility that police are there looking for evidence. If they are eyeballing your home as you chat, who knows what will catch their eye? They may fixate on something that gives them probable cause to conduct a full-fledged search. In truth, if they showed up without a warrant, they likely do not have the evidence necessary to really get a warrant. Requesting to take a look around is part of their routine and their right. Politely declining is your right. Not only will it prevent a search in the immediate situation—but it will also give your lawyer ammunition to use in your defense if you wind up in a courtroom based on the encounter.

But There is Nothing Illegal in Your Home!

You may be thinking, there is nothing that could possibly pique the interest of an officer anywhere in your home! Why all the fuss about refusing entry to officers? Let ‘em in; have a looksie! There is nothing in your teenager’s room; nothing in your bathroom trash can; nothing in your spouse’s underwear drawer! You’ve never had a guest inadvertently leave anything the cops might find interesting. Well, come to think of it, you really can’t be 100% certain that nothing would be noteworthy to a law enforcement officer. The point is you have nothing to gain by letting the police look at your place. Nothing. Conversely, who knows what could go wrong and what you might have to lose? Continue reading

March 12, 2021

Can a Police Officer Legally Pat You Down After Detainment in California?

by David M. Boertje

Detainment by the police is not an ideal situation; it can come with excessive distress and angst. The important thing for anyone who is pulled over by a California law enforcement officer is to know that cooperation is key to preserving your legal rights, civil liberties, and freedoms. Regardless of your connection with a crime, becoming aggressive and uncooperative with law enforcement will almost always result in an unfavorable legal outcome for you.

There are several reasons why working with a San Diego criminal defense attorney is beneficial for defendants. A skilled and tactical California criminal defense attorney is immensely helpful for defendants when they are detained by ensuring police do not unfairly question them and bully them into self-incrimination. The advantages of working with an attorney do not end there. Your legal counsel will know how to comprehensively evaluate your criminal situation and extract any incidents where there was misconduct on the part of authorities. If there is evidence of inappropriate or unlawful behavior by law enforcement, you can have the evidence they collected against you either be thrown out or you could potentially have your charges completely dropped.

David M. Boertje has dedicated his life to protecting the rights and liberties of individuals arrested for crimes in Los Angeles. He has a thorough knowledge of California criminal laws and keeps up to date on all changes that transpire. He knows about the programs and alternative options that individuals arrested for crimes have available to avoid prison time and to beat their charges.

When Can a California Police Officer Engage in Stop-And-Frisk Actions?

It is legal for a California police officer to pat you down. An officer can pull you over or stop you if they have some amount of suspicion that you were involved in a crime. If they have a valid court-ordered warrant, they can come to your home and make an arrest. If you are only detained for a short amount of time and not patted down, then this is known as a Terry Stop. However, if the police think that you have weapons on your person, they can then elevate a Terry Stop to a stop-and-frisk where they can physically inspect your body to feel for potential weapons.

You have rights too, though. The 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution protects you from being victimized by unreasonable search and seizure actions against you by the authorities. If you were illegally stopped and frisked by law enforcement in California, this is a breach of your civil rights. When this type of behavior happens, the information collected, or evidence against you will be invalid with respect to supporting your criminal charges. Continue reading

June 13, 2019

No-Knock Raids in San Diego

by David M. Boertje

There are restrictions issued to law enforcement officers on when and how they can execute a California search warrant. Nonetheless, mistakes and errors can and do occur during the execution of warrants. Unless a search is authorized by you, incident to a lawful arrest, or some other exception provided by law, a valid search warrant must be obtained before the search is conducted. Any violation of these rules may result in a reduction in your criminal charges, dismissal of the evidence unlawfully obtained, and even dismissal of your criminal charges.

A search warrant allows the police to search you, your home, your car, and your place of business. The police can even search an area suspected of containing evidence of illegal activity so long as it is specified in the search warrant.

Storming into homes with guns, protective armor, lights, dogs, and law enforcement personnel, usually during the early dawn hours, catches everyone in the home off guard and leads to avoidable deaths, unnecessary injuries, and costly legal settlements with survivors.

In a December no-knock drug raid in Houston, two suspects were shot and killed and five police officers were injured. Even the family pet was shot in the crossfire. The pet survived, but both of his owners died. The results of the raid were so bad that the Houston Police Department no longer conducts no-knock raids during low-level criminal investigations of a nonviolent nature.

No-Knock Warrants

A no-knock warrant is issued by a judge and gives police permission to enter a property by force without prior notification to its occupants or requesting their permission. These types of warrants are often precipitated by a tip from an informant. The informant is the person who cooperates with the police and provides information about the people or companies under criminal investigation. The use of informants is common in criminal investigations, especially those involving illegal drug sales and distribution. So long as the informant’s information is reliable, it will satisfy a low threshold to support a finding of probable cause to issue the search warrant. The judge may inquire about the identity of the informant, examine past instances when the informant assisted law enforcement and the results of such cooperation. The police will also be called in to testify and corroborate the informant’s testimony. Continue reading

September 16, 2016

Yolo County: Motion to Suppress Evidence of Controlled Substance and Paraphernalia Confiscated During Illegal Stop

by David M. Boertje

On July 5, 2016, defendant David Ramirez of Yolo County, California filed a motion to suppress evidence pursuant to CA Penal Code § 1538.5 through his attorney. Mr. Ramirez is charged with possessing a controlled substance and drug paraphernalia, both of which he has claimed was discovered during an illegal traffic stop. Back in January of 2016, Mr. Ramirez was a passenger in a car that was stopped for a cracked rear taillight. The deputies allegedly questioned all the passengers including Mr. Ramirez, and they were asked to be detained for a pat-down (frisk) search. The driver and front seat passenger consented and were searched, and nothing was found.

Mr. Ramirez however, did not consent to the search (and was well within his rights not to consent). The police further pushed and allegedly stated they were only looking for weapons. After Mr. Ramirez consented, the police then reportedly found a meth pipe, which was seized. Mr. Ramirez has argued that his search was unlawful, and the evidence resulting from the search must be suppressed under the “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine, as detailed in People v. Williams (1988).

When Does the Exclusionary Rule Apply?