Sex Crimes

December 16, 2015

Sinaloa Cartel Allegedly Linked to San Diego Human Smuggler

Convicted human smuggler Martel Valencia-Cortez was believed to have assaulted a San Diego Border Patrol agent with a rock earlier this year. It is believed that Cortez had threw a rock at the agent at a human smuggling event, who thereafter fired his weapon at Cortez. He was allegedly caught smuggling 14 illegal aliens into California. Cortez was somehow able to escape back to Mexico while the 14 illegal aliens were taken into custody. Cortez is currently on the run, and is evidently well-known in the area. He has been allegedly smuggling people over the border since 1997 and was recently released from prison from a three year smuggling charge in September.

Cortez is considered armed and dangerous by officials. Additionally, he is now believed to be connected to “El Tigre,” a lieutenant in the Sinaloa Drug Cartel a by U.S. Border Patrol.

Human Trafficking in California

Federal law makes it a crime to smuggle or help smuggle (bring in) someone into the United States if they are not a citizen. See Sections 274(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. It is a felony punishable by imprisonment of 10 years and a fine. The penalty also gets multiplied by the number of people one is convicted of attempting to smuggle in.

In California, Penal Code § 236.1 addresses the crime of “human trafficking.” The Code defines human trafficking as:

Bringing people into the U.S. to exploit them for labor;
Depriving someone of their personal liberty as it pertains to sexual exploitation or child sexual exploitation;
Persuading or trying to persuade someone to engage in a commercial sex act (ie. prostitution).

Human trafficking is a Class C felony in California. However, back in 2012, California voters passed Proposition 35 (the “Californians Against Sexual Exploitation Act”), which provided for even harsher penalties. Now if you are convicted of human trafficking to obtain forced labor services, you will face five to 12 years imprisonment and a fine up to $500,000. If you are convicted of human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, child pornography, or extortion, the term of imprisonment increases to 8 to 20 years, a fine of $500,000 and a requirement of joining the sex offender registry. Lastly, if you are convicted of persuading a minor to engage in a commercial sex act, you will be facing 15 years to life imprisonment, a $500,000 fine, and a sex offender registration. Continue reading

December 4, 2015

How Young Girls are Lured into Prostitution in San Diego

by David M. Boertje

In a shocking study just released by researchers from the University of San Diego and Point Loma Nazerene University, results estimated there are 8,830 to 11,773 underage and adult sex-trafficking victims in San Diego per year. This number is much higher than originally thought, and victims of sex trafficking come from all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, although 98% are female. It is estimated that $810 million spent on prostitution annually is connected to sex-slavery. However, only 15 to 20% of human trafficking victims in the county come into contact with law enforcement.

Typically, under-aged girls are recruited under the guise of romance by an older male at a public place such as the mall or school. They then get manipulated to work the streets to support their older ‘boyfriends.’ In the internet age, social media such as Facebook is also being used to recruit girls. Children who don’t fit in with their peers, or those who suffer from mental illness are often targeted. Other times, an experienced prostitute posing to be an under-aged girl enrolls in schools to help with recruitment.

In 2012, the District Attorney’s Office prosecuted 48 human trafficking, pimping, and pandering cases of adults and minors. That number has fluctuated the past several years. The same office is also responsible for prosecuting human trafficking-related cases as well as racketeering and gang activity.

October 14, 2015

Bill to Increase Prison Sentences for Sex Offenders on Governor’s Desk

by David M. Boertje

A bill by state Sen. Patricia Bates (R-Laguna Beach) that would increase prison sentences for high-risk sex offenders who tamper with their electronic tracking devices is reported to be headed to Governor Jerry Brown’s desk for approval. The bill was inspired by the Orange County serial killings of four women who disappeared from high-prostitute areas of Santa Ana and Anaheim. The subsequent investigation showed that the two men involved, Steve Gordon and Franc Cano, twice cut off their monitoring devices and fled to Alabama and Las Vegas.

Bates’ bill would make it a felony for the most egregious sexual offenders to remove their GPS monitors, with prison terms for that violation up to three years. Eligible crimes include rape, spousal rape, and rape of a child. The bill was passed by the California Assembly and now awaits Jerry Brown’s signature to become California state law.

Definition of Rape

September 17, 2015

California Teen Faces Life in Prison for Allegedly Extorting Nude Photos from Underage Girls

by David M. Boertje

A 19 year old teen in the Los Angeles area recently pleaded “not guilty” to over 150 counts of porn extortion. The District Attorney’s Office said that Cesar Estrada has been charged with felony and misdemeanor counts of extortion, lewd acts upon a child, and possession of child pornography. This is because he allegedly sought out girls on social media claiming to be a modeling agent. After asking them to send him photos of themselves in their underwear, he allegedly threatened to share those photos with their families unless they sent him nude pictures. The victims were all under 18 years old and spanned eight states.

A month ago, investigators served a search warrant at the apartment on Rosemead Boulevard where Estrada-Davila lived with his mother and siblings. He was arrested Wednesday and brought to court Friday, and will be due back in court next month. He remains in jail with a $400,000 bail and faces up to life imprisonment if convicted of all counts.

The Crime of Extortion (aka “blackmail”)

Under CA Penal Code 518, the crime of extortion/blackmail occurs when:

One uses force or threats to compel another person to give them money or other property (ie. photographs);
One uses force or threats to compel another person to force a public officer to perform an official act;
A public official (ie. cop), uses his or her authority to force others to give him or her their money or property

Extortion in most cases is a felony in California, but as shown by this case, it is further complicated when mixed in with other charges involving minors, lewd acts with children, and pornography. Penalties for extortion alone are two to four years imprisonment with up to a $10,000 fine.

It should also be noted that in 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed S.B. 255, which makes it a misdemeanor to post identifiable nude pictures of someone else online without permission with the intent to cause emotional distress or humiliation.

Legal Defenses to Extortion:

You were falsely accused
You did not actually force anyone to hand over property
There is insufficient evidence to support the conviction (an available defense to every crime)

June 26, 2015

State Legislatures Coming Down on Campus Rapes in California Universities

by David M. Boertje

Although the topic of campus rape has made national headlines, the state of California is no doubt the most aggressive when it comes to addressing sexual assault on campuses. Last month, California Attorney General Kamala Harris and University of California President Janet Napolitano released a Model Memorandum of Understanding on Campus Sexual Assault (“Model MOU”) which serves as a guide for college campuses and law enforcement agencies to facilitate better coordination in dealing with campus sexual assault cases. The Model MOU is intended to help campuses comply with A.B. 1433, which was signed into law last October 2014. A.B. 1433 requires colleges to report certain violent crimes (e.g. sexual assault and hate crimes), occurring on or near campus, to local law enforcement, with the permission of the victim. Prior to A.B. 1433, Governor Jerry Brown also signed into law S.B. 967 (“Yes Means Yes law”) in September 2014. That law requires California universities that receive public funding to require students to get “affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement to engage in sexual activity.

Going further, as of present, the state of California also has a “college campus sexual assault assembly package” coming down the pipeline. The package consists of 3 bills aimed at California state schools which receive public funding:

A.B. 967– This bill was introduced by Senate pro tempore Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) in April and would set a minimum of two years academic suspension for students found responsible for rape and forcible sex acts. The bill passed the assembly 62-4 and is currently headed to the state Senate. It should be noted that while this bill imposes punishments that should be doled out by school disciplinary boards, school boards operate independently of the criminal justice system. You could in theory, be punished under both and receive suspension/expulsion and jail time under California Penal Code 261. Opponents of this bill are concerned that different boards operate differently as well, with school punishments ranging from community service to expulsion.

March 2, 2015

California Supreme Court Says Sex Offender Residency Law is Unconstitutional

by David M. Boertje

Earlier this Week, the California Supreme Court decided unanimously that blanket, statewide bans on where sex offenders may not live (“Jessica’s Law”) violate the constitutional rights of parolees in San Diego County. Jessica’s Law (aka Proposition 83), named after a 9-year-old girl who fell victim to a sex offender who failed to report his whereabouts, was proposed via a ballot initiative in 2006. Due to Megan’s Law, those who have been convicted of a sex crime must register with their local law enforcement agency.

Jessica’s Law therefore barred registered sex offenders from living within 2,000 feet of a school or park where children gather, regardless of whether the crimes actually involved children. Sex offenders subsequently challenged the law in court, claiming that it made it impossible for them to find a place to live. The court recognized that the law made over 97% of rental housing in San Diego unavailable, and ruled that the consequences of the law were so severe, it hampered rehabilitation and caused homelessness. Although the unanimous ruling immediately affects only San Diego County, it will certainly pave the way for the same policies in major metropolitan areas, including San Francisco.

What to Do If You Are Charged With a Sex Crime